The drag roller forgings are mainly used to support and stabilize the material on the conveyor belt, ensuring a smooth and efficient conveying process. Through high strength and wear resistance, it can withstand the great pressure and friction in the operation of the conveyor belt, extend the service life of the equipment and improve production safety. At the same time, the forging structure is tight, which can reduce the equipment failure caused by wear and ensure the continuity of production. In addition, the drag roller forgings also have excellent corrosion resistance, which can maintain its performance in harsh environments and is not easy to rust or damage. It is often designed with balance and dynamic performance in mind to reduce vibration and noise and provide comfort for the working environment. The roll forging also serves as a guide to ensure that the conveyor belt runs along a predetermined path to avoid deviation or deviation. This helps to improve delivery efficiency and reduce material loss while reducing maintenance costs.

In general, the drag roll forging is an indispensable key component in the conveying system, and its quality and performance directly affect the reliability and efficiency of the entire conveying system. A number of factors need to be considered when selecting a drag roll forgings, including material type, conveying speed, working environment, and the required wear resistance and load carrying capacity. The right choice ensures the stability and durability of the system, reducing failures and downtime. The manufacturing process of the tow roller forgings is also critical. By using advanced forging technology and high-quality materials, denser microstructure and higher mechanical properties can be obtained. These characteristics enable forgings to withstand greater loads and longer service lives. In addition, the maintenance and maintenance of the tow roller forgings is also the key to ensure its long-term stable operation. Regular inspection, cleaning and lubrication can extend the service life of forgings and reduce the occurrence of wear and failure. At the same time, timely replacement of damaged or worn forgings can avoid potential safety risks and production disruptions. To sum up, the drag roller forgings play a vital role in the conveying system. Through the correct selection, manufacturing and maintenance, you can ensure the stability and efficiency of the conveying system, improve production efficiency and quality.

In 2024, China’s engineering machinery industry showed signs of recovery after a prolonged downturn. Excavator sales, considered an industry “barometer,” reversed a two-year decline, while domestic sales ended a three-year slump, signaling optimism. Overseas markets remained strong, with several enterprises reporting overseas revenue contributions reaching 50%.

Experts anticipate the industry entering an upward phase of a new cycle. The significant potential in international markets, coupled with the global expansion capabilities of Chinese companies, makes overseas markets a critical focus for domestic brands.

Signs of Recovery

According to the China Construction Machinery Industry Association (CCMA), major excavator manufacturers sold 19,369 units in December 2024, a 16% year-on-year increase. Domestic sales rose by 22.1% to 9,312 units, while exports increased by 10.8% to 10,057 units.

For the full year, excavator sales reached 201,131 units, marking a modest 3.13% growth. Domestic sales increased by 11.7% to 100,543 units, reversing three consecutive years of decline, while exports fell slightly by 4.24% to 100,588 units.

Loader sales also reflected a positive trend, with 108,209 units sold in 2024, up 4.14% year-on-year. While domestic loader sales declined by 3.94% to 54,326 units, exports surged by 13.8% to 53,883 units.

The domestic excavator market’s turnaround was notable. From 2021 to 2023, sales plummeted from 270,000 units to 90,000 units, with declines of 6.32%, 44.6%, and 40.8%, respectively. In 2024, domestic excavator sales rose by 11.7%, reaching 100,543 units. Although volumes remain below the 2021 peak, the growth indicates a recovery in market demand.

A representative from XCMG highlighted signs of stabilization, particularly in earth-moving machinery, which has posted consistent growth in recent months. Policies such as trillion-yuan special government bond projects and large-scale equipment renewal initiatives are expected to further support recovery.

Industry leaders remain confident, citing investment growth, the rising penetration of new energy machinery, and natural equipment replacement demand as driving factors.

Accelerating Global Expansion

China’s engineering machinery enterprises continued to enhance global market capabilities in 2024. Customs data revealed total exports of USD 47.817 billion from January to November, a year-on-year increase of 7.16%. Many enterprises saw overseas revenue contributions rise, with some reaching 50%.

Looking ahead to 2025, companies such as SANY Group and Zoomlion have prioritized international growth. SANY plans to implement a “globalization, digitalization, and decarbonization” strategy, while Zoomlion aims to further develop its localized overseas operations and offer advanced solutions to global clients.

Supportive Policies and Long-Term Growth

Favorable policies continue to boost the sector. The National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) and the Ministry of Finance recently announced plans to expand large-scale equipment renewal programs in 2025. The initiative is expected to stimulate demand for replacing older machinery, especially those meeting lower emission standards.

Lu Ying, Deputy Secretary-General of CCMA, emphasized the positive impact of such policies, coupled with ongoing industry upgrades in product quality and a shift toward high-end, large-scale equipment. These developments are expected to sustain the recovery and drive long-term growth.

The aerospace industry continues to prioritize the use of advanced, lightweight materials to meet growing demands for fuel efficiency and longer operational lifespans. One of the key materials driving this evolution is titanium alloy, which is increasingly being utilized in the production of aircraft components. In a recent announcement, a leading international airline revealed that its new generation of aircraft will feature even more titanium alloy parts, optimizing performance, reducing fuel consumption, and extending the aircraft’s operational life.

Titanium Alloys Gain Ground in Aerospace Applications

Titanium alloys have long been favored in aerospace manufacturing due to their unique properties—low density, high strength, corrosion resistance, and excellent performance in extreme temperatures. These characteristics make titanium alloys ideal for critical aircraft components, including the fuselage frame, engine parts, and landing gear.

As aircraft manufacturers continue to push the boundaries of innovation, titanium alloys are being used in an increasing number of high-stress areas, where both weight and strength are of paramount importance. This expansion of titanium alloy applications is driven by the need for more fuel-efficient, environmentally-friendly, and durable aircraft.

Fuel Efficiency and Aircraft Longevity Benefits

The adoption of titanium alloys in aircraft design delivers several key benefits. One of the most significant advantages is the reduction in the overall weight of the aircraft, which directly translates into improved fuel efficiency. Lighter aircraft require less power to achieve and maintain flight, resulting in lower fuel consumption. This not only helps airlines reduce operational costs but also contributes to decreasing greenhouse gas emissions.

Additionally, titanium alloys’ exceptional resistance to corrosion and high-temperature performance extends the lifespan of critical components. Aircraft using titanium parts require less frequent maintenance and have reduced parts replacement costs over the long term, offering airlines a cost-effective solution that improves both operational efficiency and asset longevity.

Expanding Applications of Titanium Alloys in the Mechanical Industry

The aerospace industry’s increased use of titanium alloys has also led to broader applications of the material across other sectors. As manufacturing processes evolve and the cost of production decreases, titanium alloys are finding their way into automotive, marine, energy, and other high-performance industries.

In particular, industries requiring parts that can withstand extreme conditions—such as high stress, high temperatures, and corrosive environments—are increasingly turning to titanium alloys for their exceptional mechanical properties. As titanium alloy technology continues to advance, more industries are expected to adopt the material, further expanding its use across a variety of mechanical manufacturing applications.

The Future of Titanium Alloys in Aerospace and Beyond

The future of titanium alloys in aerospace is bright, with ongoing research and development aimed at enhancing their performance and reducing production costs. As titanium alloy production processes improve and economies of scale are realized, the material’s widespread adoption is expected to grow in both aerospace and other industries.

The continued expansion of titanium alloy use reflects broader trends in the aerospace sector, which is increasingly focused on sustainability, cost reduction, and high-performance standards. With their unique properties and numerous advantages, titanium alloys are poised to play a pivotal role in shaping the future of the aerospace industry and beyond.

Heat treatment is one of the indispensable and important processes in the manufacturing process of forging molds, which plays a crucial role in the lifespan of the molds. According to the requirements of specific forging processes, targeted heat treatment processes are developed to match the strength (hardness) and toughness of the mold appropriately, ensure reasonable and uniform hardness on the surface of the mold body and cavity, achieve fine and uniform grain size, prevent oxidation and decarburization, reduce residual stress and deformation, and improve the life and stability of the mold. The adoption of new heat treatment processes can tap into the potential of materials and significantly improve the lifespan of molds at a small cost. For example, low temperature quenching is used for high carbon cold forging dies to obtain more Flat noodles martensite, which can improve toughness, reduce die deformation and quenching cracks, and thus improve die life; Vacuum heat treatment has the advantages of no oxidation, decarburization, degassing, uniform heating, and small deformation, which is also beneficial for improving the service life of molds.

The effect of surface treatment on strengthening the surface of the mold cavity and improving the mold life is not only significant, but also cost-effective. It is a twice the result with half the effort strengthening mold process method and the preferred process for improving mold economy. The surface treatment methods for mold cavity strengthening that have been applied and have application potential include surface deformation (shot peening, extrusion, rolling, etc.) strengthening, surface phase transformation strengthening, surface diffusion strengthening, implantation strengthening and other surface modification technologies, thin film technologies such as physical vapor deposition and chemical vapor deposition, as well as coating technologies such as electrochemical deposition (electroplating) and thermal spraying. The characteristics and application status of these processes will also be discussed in subsequent chapters of this book.

Hinge shaft forging is a kind of mechanical parts made by forging process, mainly used to connect and support rotating parts, common in various mechanical equipment hinged parts. Its material is usually made of high-strength steel, such as alloy structural steel, carbon structural steel, etc., to ensure that it has good mechanical properties and wear resistance. The forging process can make the internal structure of the material more dense, improve the strength and durability of the hinge shaft forging.
In addition, according to the specific application scenario and working conditions, hinge shaft forgings may also choose stainless steel, copper alloy, aluminum alloy and other materials for forging. Stainless steel has good corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance, suitable for hinge shaft forgings that need to be exposed to moisture or corrosive environment for a long time; Copper alloys and aluminum alloys have light weight and good thermal conductivity, and are suitable for occasions where weight and heat dissipation need to be reduced.

In the forging process, the raw material goes through process steps such as heating, deformation and cooling to form a hinge shaft forging with the desired shape and size. Forging can not only improve the strength and hardness of the material, but also improve its organization and performance, so that the hinge shaft forging has better wear resistance, impact resistance and fatigue resistance.

Hinge shaft forgings are widely used in various mechanical equipment, such as automobiles, ships, aerospace, engineering machinery and other fields. They play an important role in connecting, supporting and transmitting torque, and are one of the key parts to ensure the normal operation of mechanical equipment and extend the service life.
In order to meet the needs of different fields and working conditions, the design and production of hinge forgings usually need to follow strict standards and specifications. This includes specific requirements for its size, shape, material properties, surface quality and so on. The manufacturer needs to customize the production according to the drawings or technical requirements provided by the customer to ensure that the quality of the hinge shaft forging meets the relevant standards and customer requirements.
In terms of quality control, hinge shaft forgings need to undergo strict inspection and testing. This includes the testing of its dimensional accuracy, material composition, mechanical properties, surface defects, etc., to ensure that its quality meets relevant standards and regulations. In addition, the forging process needs to be monitored and controlled to ensure the stability and reliability of the production process.
With the continuous development of the manufacturing industry and the continuous progress of technology, the production process and material selection of hinge forgings are also constantly innovative and improved. For example, the use of advanced forging technology and equipment can improve production efficiency and product quality; The development of new materials can improve the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of hinge shaft forgings. The application of intelligent and automatic technology can realize the automation and intelligent control of the production process, improve production efficiency and reduce costs.

In short, hinge shaft forging as an important part of mechanical equipment, its quality and performance have an important impact on the normal operation and service life of the equipment. Therefore, in the design and production process, it is necessary to fully consider its application scenarios and working conditions, select the appropriate materials and processes, and ensure that its quality meets the relevant standards and customer requirements.

On November 28, the opening ceremony of Zhongyuan Graphene Laboratory was held in the Aviation Port area.

On November 28, the opening ceremony of Zhongyuan Graphene Laboratory was held in the Aviation Port area. Henan Provincial Party Secretary Lou Yangsheng attended and delivered a speech, and Henan Provincial Governor Wang Kai attended.

Lou Yangsheng unveiled the Zhongyuan Graphene Laboratory, and Wang Kai awarded the appointment letter of director of Zhongyuan Graphene Laboratory to Liu Zhongfan, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Liu Zhongfan introduced the general situation and development concept of the laboratory.

On behalf of the provincial Party Committee and the provincial government, Lou Yangsheng congratulated the establishment of the laboratory, and thanked the Central Committee of the Jiusan Society and academician experts for their concern and support for the development of Henan. He said that the opening of the Zhongyuan Graphene laboratory is of great significance for Henan Province to strengthen the research and development and industrial application of graphene and build a strong province of materials. A major feature of the establishment of the Zhongyuan Graphene Laboratory is to simultaneously land Zhongyuan ene Carbon Co., LTD., Zhongyuan ene carbon Industry Fund, to build a trinity of “science and technology + industry + capital” industrial innovation closed loop, with the laboratory as the “foundation”, industrial companies as the “backbone”, and incubation projects as the “branches and leaves”, to cultivate a competitive and leafy Zhongyuan graphene industry tree. It is hoped that Zhongyuan Graphene Laboratory will live up to its trust and fulfill its mission, take innovation and creation as the starting point and the product industry as the starting point, combine science and technology and industry more closely, and strive to become a strategic scientific and technological force in the field of graphene materials and an important supporting force for the construction of a strong province of Henan materials.

Lou Yangsheng stressed that the Central Plains Graphene Laboratory should focus on the world’s scientific and technological frontier, the major national needs and the development needs of our province, carry out application scenario research and engineering verification, and strive to break through the key common technologies for the large-scale preparation of graphene materials, forming a number of landmark innovation achievements and typical applications. It is necessary to systematically sort out and integrate high-quality research and development resources, educational resources, and industrial resources, strengthen collaborative innovation, strengthen organized, systematic, and full-link technology research capabilities, and accelerate the solution of technical and process problems in the field of graphene materials. It is necessary to improve the result transfer and transformation, venture capital service system, through the graphene industrial chain, innovation chain, capital chain, improve the service capacity of the whole chain, and promote the graphene industry to become bigger and stronger. It is necessary to build a bridge linking “material” and “market”, and build a demonstration application industry chain of graphene materials in combination with the industrial advantages of new energy vehicles, consumer electronics manufacturing, and wind power new energy in Henan Province. It is necessary to thoroughly study and grasp the law of scientific research activities and the law of talent growth, optimize the mode of operation and the paradigm of scientific research, improve the flexible market-oriented mechanism for attracting and cultivating talents, and build a dynamic new type of research and development institutions, so as to make contributions to promoting the self-reliance and self-improvement of high-level science and technology.

In the 1950s, China went through the transition from an agricultural economy to an industrial economy, and now we are going through the transition from an industrial economy to a service economy. Many people do not realize that this is a major transformation of the social and economic structure, so many enterprises feel very painful.

The transition from agriculture to industry

Throughout the history of the development of developed countries, the economic structure has undergone many transformations, from agricultural economy to industrial economy, service economy and experience economy.

 

Agricultural economics involves growing crops, trees, raising livestock on the land, digging minerals out of the ground, and making simple tools to make farming more efficient. The agricultural economy produces goods that satisfy people’s most basic survival needs. China is one of the birthplaces of the world’s agriculture, which began in the Neolithic Age about 10,000 years ago and has experienced a very long development process.

 

Industrial economy entered the historical stage with the emergence of steam engine and electricity, people used machines in factories to produce goods in large quantities, and farmers began to enter factories and transform into industrial workers, which was the first large-scale transformation in human history.

 

Despite attempts to build military and civilian factories during the Westernization movement of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, China’s real industrialization process began with the first five-year Plan from 1953 to 1957. After the completion of the five-year plan, China’s industrial output exceeded agricultural output, which initially laid the foundation for China’s industrialization.

 

After decades of reform and opening up, China’s industrial economy has developed at an unprecedented speed. In 2010, the added value of China’s manufacturing industry surpassed the United States to become the first manufacturing country. At present, it has 41 industrial categories, 207 industrial middle classes and 666 industrial subclasses, forming an independent and complete modern industrial system. It is the only country in the world with all the industrial categories in the United Nations industrial classification

The transition from manufacturing to service

From the international experience, the turning point of the transition from manufacturing to service is concentrated in the years when the per capita GDP reaches 8,000 to 9,000 US dollars. China’s per capita income exceeded 8,000 US dollars in 2010, and the proportion of people’s spending on manufacturing products reached its peak in 2011, and the per capita income exceeded 9,000 US dollars in 2012.

 

In 2012, China said goodbye to the peak of industrialization, industrial goods spending continued to decline, service spending grew rapidly, and the growth rate of industrial added value and employment share of the service industry exceeded that of the manufacturing industry, which was the most prominent performance of technology-intensive industries, which reflects the change trend of “manufacturing to service” at the consumption level.

 

Since then, China has been in the process of economic structure transformation from manufacturing to service, and consumption upgrading is the source of power to promote the transformation of manufacturing to service economic structure, driven by it, the consumer expenditure structure, industrial structure, population flow and urban form changes followed.

 

The transformation from manufacturing to service has brought the pressure of elimination to traditional concepts and traditional economy, and also brought a huge impact to the previous economy and policies. The entire social and economic system is in a relatively fragile stage, and many enterprises are facing huge challenges.

 

Taking the construction machinery industry as an example, before 2012, it was an incremental market, and after 2012, it entered the stock market, and the industry experienced years of painful transformation. The reason is that people lack understanding of the characteristics of the service economy, and the traditional concept formed by the agricultural economy for thousands of years is not conducive to the transformation of manufacturing to service.

 

Mencius said, “Those who work hard govern men, and those who work hard govern men, thinking that intellectual workers rule men, are served by men, and are superior men.” The manual laborer is ruled by others as an inferior person who serves others, and the prejudice against service over millennia has been etched into the depths of the popular psyche.

 

In ancient times, the basic line of the service industry is collectively referred to as the “lower nine”, the service provider is called the servant, and the occupation of getting paid by serving others is looked down upon, with a “lower” word derogatory name, and “nine” shows its variety, backward traditional concept is one of the main reasons for hindering the transformation from manufacturing to service.

 

China’s service industry has accounted for more than 50% for ten consecutive years, becoming the largest industry, but many people still despise service, tangible products are still the center of business activities, considered more valuable; Intangible services, on the other hand, are seen as an adjunct to the product and are grossly undervalued

The key to improving service efficiency

From agriculture to industry, large-scale manufacturing has greatly improved production efficiency and made goods more affordable.

 

However, another difficulty affecting the transformation from manufacturing to service is efficiency. Fragmentation leads to a significant decline in service efficiency compared to manufacturing efficiency (Figure 1). Enterprises still follow the thinking of manufacturing economy and use the idea of increasing scale to engage in services, resulting in high costs and unable to meet customer needs.

Figure 1: The efficiency of the service economy transition has declined significantly

 

Based on the experience of developed countries, the service economy is at the higher end of the profit spectrum, which is the famous smile curve in manufacturing (Figure 2).

Figure 2: Manufacturing smile curve

However, service is not valued in China, some companies even sell products when the service is free of charge, send high-value services, enterprises can only do trade, the value is not high, customer viscosity is low. On the one hand, it is necessary to educate customers to change their concept of service. On the other hand, enterprises must solve the problem of inefficient service, after all, customers are not obligated to pay for the inefficiency of enterprises.

The solution to the problem of service efficiency lies in technological innovation, the use of knowledge base, artificial intelligence AI, self-service and AR remote support, etc., through the network and platform to improve service efficiency.

If thinking is a wall, the objective world is on the other side of the wall, only solidified thinking can block the pace of enterprise, thinking can not reach the height, the pace can not reach.

Exxonmobil, which has been in China for nearly 130 years, has ushered in an intensive period of investment in China in the past two years.

On April 22, 2020, ExxonMobil Huizhou Ethylene Project held a transnational cloud groundbreaking ceremony, attended by Vice Premier Han Zheng and announced the start of the project. In April 2021, ExxonMobil and Sinopec Engineering and Construction Co., LTD. (SEI) signed the general contract for the project, and seven months later, the company made the final investment decision and the project was fully advanced.

In the same year, ExxonMobil Tianjin plant increased capital to build a new filling line and storage tank project, bringing the filling production of the company’s flagship product, Mobil 1, to Tianjin. In September 2022, the Tianjin plant upgrade project officially started, and plans to use ExxonMobil’s existing industrial base to build 21 new storage tanks, and upgrade the laboratory, control room, office area, environmental protection and safety to improve product grade and quality, and provide energy storage for the market of high value-added new products.

Exxonmobil’s presence in China covers all sectors of the energy industry, including upstream gas, downstream, chemicals, research and development centers, and low carbon solutions.

Yue Chunyang, managing director of ExxonMobil’s lubricants business in China, believes that in the promotion of China’s “dual carbon” goal, compared with challenges, industrial enterprises are facing unprecedented opportunities for transformation and upgrading. Whether enterprises can adapt green and low-carbon products and technologies has become the key to winning a new round of competition.

As a global fossil giant committed to playing a leading role in the energy transition, ExxonMobil clearly also sees business opportunities and a greener future in China.

 

Low-carbon action in China

Earlier this year, ExxonMobil announced that it will achieve “net zero emissions” targets for Scope I and Scope II of its major operating assets by 2050, and plans to chart a detailed emission reduction path through comprehensive deployment.

“We plan to invest more than $15 billion in greenhouse gas reduction initiatives over the next six years. At the same time, we also tailor different plans and targets to different countries and regional markets.” Yue Chunyang said that the “dual carbon” target set by China and the very clear target proposed for the entire industrial sector provide clear guidance for the emission reduction and action plans of the entire industry. To this end, ExxonMobil’s actions in China related to emissions reduction will also have some “Chinese characteristics.”

Yue Chunyang explained that, on the one hand, industrial enterprises face corresponding challenges, the overall carbon emissions occupy a relatively large share, so it is necessary to take a big step in the entire emission reduction action, play a leading role. At the same time, industrial enterprises can not only regard the energy transformation or low-carbon transformation requirements under the “dual carbon” goal as a challenge, but should be regarded as an opportunity for the transformation and upgrading of the entire industry, and actively interact and coordinate with many industries and industries.

On the other hand, they feel that digitalization has become an important way for Chinese energy enterprises to achieve green transformation, and Chinese enterprises are currently in a leading position in digitalization, “digitalization and green transformation are mutually coordinated and supportive.” Therefore, the transformation of China’s industrial enterprises is not only a green transformation, but also a digital transformation.

“Digitalization also meets the core requirements of energy transformation to reduce costs and increase efficiency.” Yue Chunyang, for example, said that Mobil Youshida Digital platform (MSDP) and Mobil Youshida intelligent online oil monitoring services, combined with Alibaba Cloud Internet of Things technology, to create a digital service system, to provide Chinese customers with professional, forward-looking, customized maintenance solutions, while helping Chinese industrial enterprises to accelerate the digital transformation.

These “Chinese characteristics” make ExxonMobil highly concerned about and very willing to support the digital upgrading of the entire energy industry in the process of promoting China’s “dual carbon” goal and green transformation.

In China’s low-carbon initiative, ExxonMobil’s products, services and solutions also cover multiple business areas.

Upstream business area

In the upstream business, ExxonMobil signed two long-term agreements with Sinopec and petrochina in 2009 to supply the Chinese market with cleaner liquefied natural gas. In 2019, the company entered into a 20-year sales and purchase agreement with Zhejiang Energy Group for the supply of 1 million metric tons of LNG per year. They are also pushing ahead with joint participation in the Huizhou liquefied natural Gas receiving terminal project – natural gas emits 60 percent less greenhouse gases than coal, taking into account lifecycle emissions, and produces far fewer air pollutants than coal-fired power generation.

 

Lubricants business area

In the lubricants business area of product solutions, ExxonMobil actively promotes the “Green Lubrication Initiative” for the Chinese market. With “less is more” at its core, the project offers a comprehensive solution that includes energy efficient products, professional services, and flexible circular turnaround packaging to help customers save energy consumption, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and increase production efficiency.1

 

Chemical business area

In the chemical business area of product Solutions, they try to solve the problem of plastic waste in the environment by improving plastic recyclability. “For the Chinese market, in a pilot project with a film processing company, we have jointly developed an enhanced solution with superior mechanical strength and greater durability, making the recycling of mulch film easier.” Yue Chunyang said that the recycled film is re-granulated to make resin, which is used in other applications such as garbage can lining and secondary packaging, thus achieving a complete cycle from manufacturing, recycling to reuse.

Drawing length is a necessary process in the forging process of large forgings, and it is also the main process that affects the quality of large forgings. Through drawing length, the billet cross-sectional area is reduced, the length is increased, and it also plays the role of breaking coarse crystals, forging the internal porosity and holes, and refining the organization, so as to obtain homogeneous dense high-quality forgings.

At the same time of studying the drawing process of flat anvil, people gradually began to realize the importance of the stress and strain state inside the large forgings on the internal defects of forging, from the ordinary drawing length of the flat anvil, to the drawing length of the V-shaped anvil under the flat anvil and the drawing length of the V-shaped anvil above and below the flat anvil, and then to the later by changing the drawing anvil shape and process conditions. WHF forging method, KD forging method, FM forging method, JTS forging method, FML forging method, TER forging method, SUF forging method and new FM forging method are put forward. These methods have been applied to the production of large forgings and achieved good results.

WHF forging method is a wide flat anvil strong pressing forging method, its forging principle is to use the upper and lower wide flat anvil, and adopt large pressing rate, the large deformation of the heart during forging is conducive to eliminating the internal defects of the ingot, and is widely used in large hydraulic press forging.

KD forging method is developed on the basis of WHF forging method, the principle is the use of ingot in a long time of high temperature conditions have enough plasticity, can be in limited equipment, with wide anvil large compression rate forging, the use of upper and lower V-type wide anvil forging is conducive to the improvement of metal plasticity on the surface of the forging, increase the heart of the three-way compressive stress state, Then the ingot internal defects can be forged effectively.
FM forging method is to use the upper flat anvil, the asymmetric deformation of the lower platform forging, and the friction resistance of the lower platform to the forging deformation, so that the forging gradually deforms from top to bottom, so that the tensile stress is transferred to the contact surface between the blank and the platform, the hydrostatic stress in the center is increased, and the stress state in the deformation body is improved.
JTS forging method is to heat the ingot to high temperature before forging, and then make the surface cool quickly, the surface of the ingot and then form a layer of hard shell, the core is still in a high temperature state, this layer of hard shell plays a fixed role in the deformation of the billet, so that the deformation is mainly concentrated in the center of the forging, thereby increasing the compaction effect of the heart and improving the pass rate of the forging.

FML forging method is a forging method to reduce the load of the press on the basis of FM method. The width of the upper anvil is narrower than that of the billet, and the length direction is consistent with the axial direction of the billet. The following auxiliary tools are still large platforms, and the pressing amount and forging ratio in the process of reforging are relatively small. It is to reduce the load of the press on the premise of ensuring the effective forging of the internal holes and loose defects of the billet.

TER forging method uses wide flat anvil to draw length in one direction, and adopts the cross-anvil process to press and draw length several times, so that the maximum deformation of the blank is produced in one direction, and the internal cavity defects are effectively forged. When the forging method is used, the required pressure is small, and the forging forming cycle is short, so as to improve labor productivity, reduce production costs, and increase economic benefits.
SUF forging method is a forging method in which the height of the ingot is fully reduced during forging by controlling the width ratio of the anvil, and the section is finally forged into a rectangle. It is a forging method by flattening the ingot with a wide flat anvil, and then the width of the metal plastic flow range near the ingot axis is increased by using a wide flat anvil, which is more conducive to forging the defects in the billet core.
The new FM forging method is based on the relationship between the transverse stress of the heart of large forgings and the ratio of material to width. On the basis of the FM forging method, the control of the ratio of material to width is increased to reduce the transverse tensile stress of the careful part.

The 7th National Foundry Machinery Standardization Technical Committee convened its inaugural meeting in Quanzhou on October 15, followed by a standards review conference that ran until October 19. Organized by the National Foundry Machinery Standardization Committee, the event was supported by several local and industry partners, including Nan’an Zhongji Standardization Research Institute and Fujian Minxuan Technology Co., Ltd.

The conference gathered over 100 experts and representatives from government agencies, research institutes, universities, and businesses. Key figures, such as Cao Yiding from the State Administration for Market Regulation, Yao Minghan, former deputy director of the National Standardization Management Committee, and Tan Xiangning, deputy chief engineer of the China Machinery Industry Federation, were present. They emphasized the importance of casting machinery standardization in ensuring the security and stability of the equipment manufacturing supply chain.

Speeches highlighted the role of standards in advancing high-quality development across the sector, advocating for enhanced standard-setting efforts and the broader application of standards in areas like green development, intelligent manufacturing, and safety. Tan Xiangning praised the work of the previous committee and urged the new members to build on its achievements by focusing on standard validation, research, and collaboration.

The meeting included the presentation of awards to notable contributors to casting machinery standardization. Six experts received lifetime achievement awards, thirteen individuals were recognized for outstanding work, and twelve organizations were honored for advancing standardization in the field.

Secretary-General Lu Jun provided a comprehensive report on past accomplishments and outlined future objectives, emphasizing the need to accelerate the development and implementation of casting machinery standards. The attendees approved the committee’s charter and secretariat guidelines, laying the foundation for strengthening the standardization framework.

The event successfully promoted collaboration and dialogue in the casting machinery industry, setting the stage for continued progress in standardization efforts. Looking ahead, the committee is committed to pursuing openness and transparency in standardization activities, aiming to boost the global competitiveness of China’s casting machinery industry through rigorous and sustainable standards development.