The Difference Between Forging Crane Wheel Forging And Driving Wheel Forging

The difference between forging crane wheel forgings and driving wheel forgings mainly lies in their application, size, carrying capacity and design requirements. Forging crane wheel forgings are usually used in large bridge cranes and gantry cranes, which need to bear larger loads and are larger in size and are designed to require higher strength and durability. The driving wheel forgings are mostly used for small light cranes or driving, they carry relatively small weight, the size is also small, the design of the strength and durability requirements are relatively low. In addition, the two may also differ in the manufacturing process to accommodate different performance needs and cost considerations.

In addition, forging crane wheel forgings and driving wheel forgings may also differ in material selection. Since crane wheel forgings need to withstand greater weight and stress, materials with higher strength and wear resistance are usually selected to ensure their long-term stable operation. The driving wheel forging may use more ordinary materials, because the load it bears is small, and the requirements for material properties are relatively low.

In terms of service life, forging crane wheel forgings are often in a state of high load operation, and their service life may be relatively short, requiring regular inspection and maintenance. The service life of wheel forgings may be relatively long because their operating conditions are relatively mild.
In short, forging crane wheel forgings and driving wheel forgings are different in many aspects, and these differences make them suitable for different crane and driving scenarios. When choosing wheel forgings, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the specific application, load requirements, cost budget and other factors to ensure that the selected forgings can meet the actual needs and have a good cost performance.

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Go all out to stabilize the industry, solid forging new advantages! Visit Minister of Industry and Information Technology Jin Zhuanglong

The Central Economic Work Conference clearly pointed out that we should adhere to the principle of stability and seek progress while maintaining stability, stressed the strengthening of various policy coordination and cooperation, and made a series of deployments such as “accelerating the construction of a modern industrial system”, “focusing on strengthening weak links in the industrial chain” and “vigorously developing the digital economy”.

The year 2023 is the first year to fully implement the spirit of the Party’s 20 National Congress, and it is of great significance to do economic work well. How to promote steady industrial growth? How to enhance the core competitiveness of manufacturing industry? Minister of Industry and Information Technology Jin Zhuanglong recently accepted an interview with Xinhua News Agency

We have the confidence, conditions and ability to promote the steady recovery of the industrial economy

Q: What was the performance of the industrial economy in the past year? How to promote stable industrial growth in 2023?

A: Over the past year, we have worked with various regions and departments to actively respond to the impact of unexpected factors, implement a package of policies to stabilize the economy, and promptly introduce a series of measures to boost the industrial economy. From January to November 2022, China’s industrial added value above designated size increased by 3.8% year-on-year, continuing to play the role of “ballast” for industrial stability of the macroeconomic market.

It is undeniable that the operation of the industrial economy still faces difficulties and challenges, but it should be noted that the advantages of a complete industrial system and a strong domestic market are prominent. In 2023, the combination of optimized epidemic prevention and control measures, stock policies and incremental policies will greatly boost market confidence. We have the confidence, conditions and ability to promote the steady recovery of the industrial economy.

The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology will increase efforts to stabilize growth, strengthen the coordination and cooperation of various policies, and focus on four aspects of work:

First, we strengthened the supply and implementation of policies to stabilize growth. Strengthen the coordination of departments and the linkage of ministries and provinces, implement the policies and follow-up measures that have been issued, strengthen the monitoring and scheduling of industrial economic operation, situation research and judgment, and policy reserves, and introduce more policies and measures in a timely manner.

Second, focus on key industries and regions to stabilize the basic plate of industrial growth. For pillar industries such as machinery, petrochemicals, light industry, automobiles, and electronics, we will study and formulate measures to stabilize growth on a section-by-sector basis. We will create more new growth areas for emerging industries such as new energy, new materials, next-generation information technology, and high-end equipment. We will support the major industrial provinces in taking up the leading role, and support all regions in leveraging their respective strengths and achieving their growth targets.

Third, fully implement the “14th Five-Year Plan” series of plans to boost effective investment in manufacturing. For identified major projects, major projects, major projects, and major projects, start implementation as soon as possible to form a physical workload. We will support manufacturing enterprises to increase investment in high-end, intelligent, and green development, and strengthen service guarantees for major foreign-invested projects in the manufacturing industry.

Fourth, we will actively expand consumption and create new demand with high-quality supply. We will implement the project of new energy vehicles leading the way and developing a strong foundation, and carry out trials for access to intelligent and connected vehicles. We will further implement the “Increase variety, improve quality, and create brands” campaign, promote the movement of green smart home appliances and green building materials to the countryside, vigorously cultivate demonstration cities for information consumption, and promote the development of new technologies, new products, and new models.

Forging long boards, reinforcing short boards, strengthening foundations, and comprehensively upgrading the modernization level of the industrial system

Q: The Central Economic Work Conference emphasized speeding up the construction of a modern industrial system. What specific measures will the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology take?

A: To build a modern industrial system, the key lies in revitalizing the manufacturing industry. We will forge long boards, strengthen weak boards, strengthen the foundation, and comprehensively modernize the industrial system. We will focus on the following five areas:

First, we will improve the autonomy and controllability of key industrial chains. We will identify the weak links in key core technologies and components, carry out key core technology research projects, improve market mechanisms such as “revealing-list”, and take solid steps to strengthen chains and stabilize chains. We will pool high-quality resources to tackle key problems.

Second, we will deepen the reconstruction of the industrial base. Focusing on core basic components, core basic components, key basic materials, key basic software, advanced basic processes and industrial technology foundations, vigorously implementing industrial basic reconstruction projects, laying out a number of common industrial basic technology centers in key areas, and cultivating a number of national manufacturing innovation centers, and actively giving play to the role of key laboratories. Strive to break through a number of key urgently needed basic products.

Third, we will consolidate our leading position in competitive industries. We will accelerate the construction of new infrastructure such as 5G, deepen the integrated application of “5G+ Industrial Internet”, and promote the research and development of 6G technology. Strengthen the new energy automobile industry, comprehensively enhance the competitiveness of the photovoltaic industry, and promote the high-quality development of the shipbuilding industry.

Fourth, we will vigorously transform and upgrade traditional industries. Cultivate a group of leading enterprises with resource control and international competitiveness, vigorously promote technological transformation and equipment upgrading of enterprises, in-depth implementation of intelligent manufacturing projects, comprehensive implementation of green manufacturing, and forge new industrial competitive advantages.

Fifth, we will accelerate the cultivation and growth of emerging industries. We will accelerate the innovation and development of strategic emerging industries such as artificial intelligence, biofuturing, and the Internet of Things, implement special actions for the development of advanced manufacturing clusters, study and formulate action plans for future industrial development, and accelerate the planning and layout of future industries such as humanoid robots, meta-universe, and quantum technology.

We will step up rescue assistance to stabilize market expectations and boost business confidence

Q: In 2023, what new measures will be taken to help enterprises rescue, and how will expectations be stabilized and confidence strengthened?

A: In response to many unexpected factors, China promptly introduced a series of policy measures to relieve difficulties. With the support of various pro-enterprise policies, the majority of small and medium-sized enterprises have been constantly striving to overcome difficulties, showing strong resilience and vitality.

At present, the difficulties and challenges of the stable development of small and medium-sized enterprises are still relatively large, and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology will further strengthen the policy of benefiting enterprises, the environment of enterprises, the service of enterprises, the innovation of enterprises, and the talent of enterprises, and make every effort to promote the high-quality development of small and medium-sized enterprises.

Specifically, it includes continuously optimizing the development environment, improving the regulations and policies system for small and medium-sized enterprises, continuously carrying out environmental assessment and comprehensive supervision of small and medium-sized enterprises development, and carrying out special actions to reduce the burden on enterprises. We will increase assistance and support, coordinate and promote the continuation and improvement of phased pro-business policies, and introduce a number of measures to help micro, small and medium-sized enterprises maintain steady growth, adjust their structure, and strengthen their capabilities. We will promote the development of specialized and specialized new enterprises, and strive to have more than 80,000 specialized and specialized new small and medium-sized enterprises and more than 10,000 “small giant” enterprises nationwide by the end of 2023. Build a high-quality and efficient service system, and improve the service system for small and medium-sized enterprises at the national, provincial, city and county levels; We will strengthen international exchanges and cooperation, build a number of cooperation zones for small and medium-sized enterprises, improve the overseas service system for small and medium-sized enterprises, and help them “go global”.

 

We will consolidate the foundation and expand applications, and accelerate the integration of the digital economy and the real economy

Q: What specific measures will the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology take to vigorously develop the digital economy?

A: The digital economy is an important engine driving China’s economic growth and an important advantage in building a modern industrial system. China has built the world’s largest and most technologically advanced network infrastructure, with 2.28 million 5G base stations and gigabit optical networks capable of covering 500 million households. The industrial Internet has been widely integrated into 45 national economic categories, and the role of the digital economy in empowering the real economy has become increasingly prominent.

In 2023, we will thoroughly implement the decisions and arrangements of the Party Central Committee and The State Council, focus on digital technology innovation breakthroughs and application expansion, and promote the deep integration of the digital economy and the real economy.

First, accelerate the construction of digital infrastructure. We will deepen the construction of 5G and gigabit optical networks, coordinate the construction of new infrastructure such as data centers and the industrial Internet, and accelerate the deployment and application of the Internet of vehicles. We will carry out the “Broadband Frontier” special action, and give strong support to the construction of “double gigabit” networks in areas with demand and conditions.

Second, we will promote the innovative development of the digital industry. Focus on key areas such as integrated circuits, 5G, and new displays, and improve the supply of basic hardware and software, core electronic components, key basic materials, and intelligent manufacturing equipment. We will study and formulate supporting policies to better leverage the role of data factors and build world-class digital industrial clusters.

Third, we will deepen industrial digital transformation. Carry out digital transformation actions in the manufacturing industry, promote the popularization of the industrial Internet to industrial parks, build a number of 5G fully connected factories, build a number of global leading smart factories and smart supply chains, and promote the scenario and standardization of small and medium-sized enterprises.

Fourth, we will strengthen network and data security. We will strengthen capacity building for security protection of network infrastructure, establish norms and standards for data security in the industrial and information technology fields, and enhance security capabilities in new convergence areas such as 5G, the industrial Internet, and the Internet of vehicles.

Fifth, improve the environment for the development of the digital economy. Innovate telecom market supervision, guide and urge the compliance development of platform enterprises, deepen the comprehensive management of the network environment such as preventing and cracking down on telecom network fraud, and comprehensively strengthen the protection of users’ rights and interests.

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First! 500 MW impact hydropower unit ball valve cast steel shipped

On November 18, the world’s first 500MW impact hydropower unit ball valve cast independently developed by National Machinery Reloading was successfully shipped in Deyang, Sichuan Province. The ball valve cast steel is responsible for the second equipment of the National Machinery Reassembly Institute, and will be applied to the first major technical equipment project (set) in the national energy field developed by Dongfang Electric Power Station – 500 MW impact hydropower unit of Zara hydropower Station.

This is another key component of high-quality major technical equipment created by National Machinery Reinstallation after providing the world’s first 500MW rotary center body forged steel for Zala hydropower Station, marking that National Machinery Reinstallation has become the world’s first enterprise with the core casting and forging manufacturing capability of 500MW impact hydropower units. Han Xiaojun, Secretary of the Party Committee and Chairman of the National Machinery Heavy Loading Party, Yan Zhiyong, Secretary of the Party Committee and chairman of Dongfang Electric Group Dongfang Electric Co., LTD. (referred to as Dongfang Electric) attended the delivery ceremony and delivered a speech. Company leaders Wang Huiqiu, Jiang Tao attended the delivery ceremony.

Han Xiaojun said that National Machinery Reloading and Dongfang Electric are same-city enterprises, but also compatriots, and have always maintained a good strategic cooperative relationship. From the successful development of 500 MW rotary wheel center body forged steel parts in 2023 to the 500 MW ball valve cast steel parts in 2024, both sides are sincere cooperation, work together, implement the spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee with the latest achievements in scientific and technological innovation, and actively cultivate and develop new quality productivity. It is a milestone breakthrough in promoting the development of high head and large capacity impact hydropower units in China, and has great significance for the construction of major national hydropower projects in the future and the realization of the national “double carbon” goal.

yan Zhiyong said that after 6 months of unremitting efforts, National Machinery successfully developed the ball valve casting of Zara project, which achieved another “zero” breakthrough in the field of hydropower equipment in China, marking that the development level of China’s hydropower super large impact wheel unit ball valve casting steel has reached a new level. As one of the most core components of high head and large capacity impact hydropower units, the ball valve cast steel is a “super switch” for the safety of impact hydropower units, and will be equipped with the world’s first 500 MW high head impact hydropower generator set independently developed in China. The project will fill the technical gap of China’s giant impact unit and has extremely important demonstration significance.

Over the years, the two sides have focused on accelerating the realization of self-reliance and self-improvement in high-level science and technology, focused on cultivating and developing new quality productive forces, continued to strengthen research on key core technologies, enabled high-quality development through scientific and technological innovation, and jointly provided strong support and guarantee for the construction of major national projects. In the future, the two sides will firmly shoulder the responsibility of “major countries”, work together to support the construction of major national projects, and make greater contributions to ensuring national energy security.

Ball valve casting is the core component of impact hydropower unit, 500 MW Zhala ball valve casting by large valve body, small valve body, valve casting, parts of the maximum weight of about 90 tons, the maximum outline size of more than 5 meters, size specifications, weight are the same type of ball valve most, product quality requirements have reached the highest standards in the industry. As the main supplier of casting and forging parts in the field of domestic energy equipment, in the development process of 500 MW ball valve casting, Guoji Heavy Machinery has broken through the technical bottlenecks such as internal quality assurance of ultra-large wall thick ball valve casting parts, ultra-large specifications and ultra-precision dimension control, and high-performance carbon manganese steel structure precision regulation. Successfully mastered the key core technology of the whole process of the development of 500 MW impact ball valve casting steel parts, and cast excellent quality by lean control of the whole process, and the performance indicators of the products have met the design requirements, and realized the high-quality development of ball valve casting steel parts.

Zhala Hydropower Station has the characteristics of high head, large capacity and high altitude, which is a supporting demonstration project to realize the localization of independent intellectual property rights of the whole industrial chain of impact hydropower generating units and improve the development capacity of high-drop hydropower resources in China.

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Scope of Application of Large Culvert Pipe Forgings

Large culvert pipe forgings are suitable for construction, water conservancy, petroleum, chemical, electric power, metallurgy, shipbuilding, machinery manufacturing and other industries. Large culvert pipe forgings belong to large forgings.
These industries often need to transport large amounts of fluids or support heavy structures, and large culverts forgings can meet these needs because of their high strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance and other characteristics.
The materials usually used for large culvert pipe forgings include carbon steel, alloy steel, stainless steel and special alloys. The choice of specific materials depends on the use of the culvert environment, bearing requirements, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance and other performance requirements.

In the construction industry, large culvert forgings are often used in the construction of structures such as drainage systems, underpasses and Bridges. In the water conservancy industry, they are used in the construction of hydropower stations, reservoirs, embankments and other water conservancy projects to ensure the rational use of water resources and flood control safety. The petroleum and chemical industries need to use large culvert forgings to transport oil, natural gas, chemicals and other media to ensure the continuity and safety of the production process. The power industry also needs large culvert forgings to support the construction of transmission lines and substations to ensure the stability and reliability of power supply. The metallurgical industry uses them to build smelting equipment such as blast furnaces and converters to improve production efficiency. The Marine and machinery manufacturing industry uses large culvert pipe forgings to manufacture hull structures and heavy machinery and equipment to meet the needs of Marine transportation and industrial production. In short, large culvert pipe forgings play an important role in many industries and are an indispensable key component of modern industry.

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Driving Innovation in Reliability: Highlights from the 37th National Academic Conference on Mechanical Reliability Technology

From November 8 to 10, the 37th National Academic Conference on Mechanical Reliability Technology and the 7th Plenary Session of the Reliability Engineering Subcommittee convened in Hangzhou, Zhejiang. Hosted by the Reliability Engineering Subcommittee of the Chinese Society of Mechanical Engineering, the event was co-organized by Zhejiang Sci-Tech University and GRGT Measurement & Testing Group Co., Ltd. (GRGT).

This annual academic gathering combined keynote speeches, a specialized forum on new energy vehicle reliability, and targeted training, fostering a robust exchange of ideas to advance the field of reliability engineering and support the high-quality development of China’s mechanical industry. Ming Zhimao, Deputy Party Secretary, General Manager, and Senior Engineer at GRGT, delivered a keynote address.

The Role of Reliability in China’s Quality-Driven Manufacturing Transformation

As China pursues its vision of becoming a quality-driven nation, the manufacturing sector has entered a strategic phase of transformation in quality, efficiency, and innovation. Reliability, a core indicator of product quality, stands as a crucial benchmark for manufacturing excellence. Enhancing reliability technology and management is essential for advancing China’s manufacturing capabilities and achieving high-quality development goals.

Recognized as one of the most prestigious and interdisciplinary events in the field, the conference has been a pivotal platform for knowledge sharing for over three decades. This year’s theme, “Strengthening Fundamentals, Doubling Growth, Ensuring Reliability and Safety,” brought together approximately 300 experts and professionals nationwide to discuss cutting-edge advancements in reliability, maintainability, and safety (RMS).

Illustrious Speakers and Cutting-Edge Insights

The opening ceremony, hosted by Professor Chen Wenhua from Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, featured remarks by Xie Liyang, Chairman of the Reliability Engineering Subcommittee, Yao Jun, Deputy Secretary of the Party Committee at Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, and Luan Dakai, Assistant Secretary-General of the Chinese Society of Mechanical Engineering.

Keynote presentations were delivered by distinguished experts, including Wang Zili, Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering; Professor Dong Runzhen from the National University of Singapore; and Professor Ming Zhimao of GRGT, among others. These talks explored groundbreaking topics, such as advanced reliability theories, methodologies, and technologies, offering innovative strategies to enhance product quality and RMS performance.

Ming Zhimao’s keynote, “Exploring the Reliability of Intelligent Equipment Using AI and Big Data,” examined the challenges and opportunities posed by emerging technologies in manufacturing. He discussed reliability issues in intelligent equipment and proposed strategies, including materials innovation, fault mechanism analysis, digital twin applications, and predictive maintenance. Additionally, he showcased GRGT’s pioneering research and practices in fields such as semiconductor inspection and advanced electronic component defect detection.

A Commitment to Future-Focused Reliability Solutions

The conference also marked the election of the 7th Committee of the Reliability Engineering Subcommittee. As a leader in reliability and environmental engineering services, GRGT reaffirmed its dedication to advancing China’s mechanical reliability standards through active participation in academic research and technical exchanges.

Looking ahead, GRGT aims to strengthen its focus on emerging industries, such as artificial intelligence, quantum measurement, satellite internet, and integrated circuits. By driving research in key technologies and standard development, GRGT is committed to building intelligent measurement and testing systems, contributing to enhanced reliability and safety across key industrial sectors.

This milestone event not only celebrated advancements in reliability engineering but also set the stage for further collaboration and innovation in the field, ensuring a stronger foundation for China’s mechanical and manufacturing industries.

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Chinese large forgings, once again brushing records

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Key point: Recently, China’s First Heavy Industries Group Co., Ltd. successfully forged the largest diameter Ø 8.8 meter EO reactor ultra large tube plate forging in China for the first time using self-developed external forging technology. Ultra large tube plate forging for EO reactor

Recently, China National Heavy Duty Truck Group Corporation (CNHTC) successfully forged the largest domestically produced ultra large tube plate forging for an EO reactor with a diameter of Ø 8.8 meters using its independently developed external forging technology for the first time. The forging of the super large tube plate in the EO reactor is in the form of a circular iron cake, but this “iron cake” cannot be thrown by manpower because its weight is 210 tons and it stands at the height of a three story building.

 

In July of this year, the Tianjin R&D Center of Yizhong Group, relying on the Shenghong Refining and Chemical EO Reactor Project, undertook the research and development of the super large tube plate for the EO reactor. R&D personnel and on-site staff liberate their minds, explore and innovate, break through traditional thinking, and independently design a complete set of external forging aids and process control technology solutions.

In forging, the first application of external forging aids and processes in China has been achieved. Integrated forging has broken through the limitations of hydraulic press column spacing on the manufacturing of ultra large forgings, solved the “bottleneck” problem in the manufacturing limit of ultra large forging equipment, and overcome difficulties such as lifting ultra large diameter tube sheets, hot state flipping of large diameter billets by 180 °, design and manufacturing of 9000mm heating furnaces, and precise movement of walking tables during forging processes.

The successful forging of the super large tube plate in the EO reactor of Shenghong Refining and Chemical Co., Ltd. has fulfilled the long cherished wish of many technical personnel for in vitro forging, and is also the first large-scale forging in China to attempt in vitro forging. The smooth implementation of this project not only reduces manufacturing costs, but also significantly enhances China’s market competitiveness in the field of large forging manufacturing due to its integrated manufacturing advantages. (Source: China First Heavy Industry)

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Chinese large forgings, once again brushing records

Enlarge Font Shrink Font Release

Key point: Recently, China’s First Heavy Industries Group Co., Ltd. successfully forged the largest diameter Ø 8.8 meter EO reactor ultra large tube plate forging in China for the first time using self-developed external forging technology. Ultra large tube plate forging for EO reactor

Recently, China National Heavy Duty Truck Group Corporation (CNHTC) successfully forged the largest domestically produced ultra large tube plate forging for an EO reactor with a diameter of Ø 8.8 meters using its independently developed external forging technology for the first time. The forging of the super large tube plate in the EO reactor is in the form of a circular iron cake, but this “iron cake” cannot be thrown by manpower because its weight is 210 tons and it stands at the height of a three story building.

 

In July of this year, the Tianjin R&D Center of Yizhong Group, relying on the Shenghong Refining and Chemical EO Reactor Project, undertook the research and development of the super large tube plate for the EO reactor. R&D personnel and on-site staff liberate their minds, explore and innovate, break through traditional thinking, and independently design a complete set of external forging aids and process control technology solutions.

In forging, the first application of external forging aids and processes in China has been achieved. Integrated forging has broken through the limitations of hydraulic press column spacing on the manufacturing of ultra large forgings, solved the “bottleneck” problem in the manufacturing limit of ultra large forging equipment, and overcome difficulties such as lifting ultra large diameter tube sheets, hot state flipping of large diameter billets by 180 °, design and manufacturing of 9000mm heating furnaces, and precise movement of walking tables during forging processes.

The successful forging of the super large tube plate in the EO reactor of Shenghong Refining and Chemical Co., Ltd. has fulfilled the long cherished wish of many technical personnel for in vitro forging, and is also the first large-scale forging in China to attempt in vitro forging. The smooth implementation of this project not only reduces manufacturing costs, but also significantly enhances China’s market competitiveness in the field of large forging manufacturing due to its integrated manufacturing advantages. (Source: China First Heavy Industry)

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In the process of economic operation, the industrial development highlights are various — an overview of the economic operation of the machinery industry in 2024

经济稳步发展，工业发展亮点众多

— 2023 年机械行业经济运行概况

2023 年将是全面贯彻党的二十大精神的第一年，也是经过三年的 COVID-19 防控后经济复苏的一年。展望2024年，机械行业机遇与挑战并存，但有利条件强于不利因素，经济运行仍有望全年保持平稳进步的整体态势。

 

一、2023年行业运行的基本特点

虽然2023年机械行业经济运行出现波动，但运行态势总体向好。受对比基数影响，第一季度主要指标增速较低，二季度增速较高，第三季度增速有所放缓，但随着多项稳中向好的经济政策措施集中出台和实施，行业运行在四季度再次企稳好转， 全年主要经济指标实现平稳增长。

行业规模再上新台阶

截至2023年底，机械工业规模以上企业数为12.1万家，比上年增加1万家，占全国工业的比重为25%，比上年提高0.3个百分点;资产总额36万亿元，同比增长9.9%，占全国工业的比重为21.5%，比上年提高0.7个百分点。

增加值增长率高于民族工业

2023年，机械工业增加值同比增长8.7%，分别高于全国工业和制造业增速4.1个和3.7个百分点。以机械工业为主的五大类国民经济工业增加值均有所增加，其中电机和汽车分别对增加值增长率的拉动作用突出，分别为12.9%和13%;通用设备、专用设备和仪器仪表增加值增速分别为 2%、3.6% 和 3.3%。

产品产销态势差异化

2023年，机械行业主要产品产销形势延续了上年的差异化态势，增产或减产的产品数量占比约为一半。在监测的120种主要产品中，61种产品产量同比增长，占比50.8%;59种产品产量同比下降，占比49.2%。

重点产品产销主要特点如下：一是汽车产销量创历史新高，年内汽车产销量超过3000万辆，乘用车和商用车均实现快速增长;新能源汽车产销达到约950万辆，占汽车总销量的31.6%，产业结构调整成效显著。其次，电器和电器继续增长，发电机组、太阳能电池产量分别增长了 28.5% 和 54%。三是机床行业产量回升，金切削机床产量同比增长6.4%。四是工程机械依然低迷，挖掘机、装载机销量分别下降25.4%和15.8%。五是农机产品持续低迷，大中型拖拉机和饲料生产专用设备产量分别下降1.9%、9.1%和21.2%。

外贸稳步上升 再创新高

2023年，世界政治经济形势复杂严峻，全球贸易表现低迷，外需疲软给出口增长带来压力，但我国机械工业经受住多重压力，外贸稳步上升至新高，展现出强大的韧性和国际竞争力。据海关统计汇总，2023年机械行业进出口总额达到1.09万亿美元，增长1.7%，连续第三年超过1万亿美元，占全国进出口总额的18.3%。

行业运行在景气范围

机械工业景气指数涵盖生产、投资、外贸、经济效益等多个维度，全面反映了机械工业的运行情况。受上年基数影响，2023年机械工业景气指数总体呈现先低前高平稳的走势，上半年高开，5月升至年内最高点，后逐月回落趋稳，12月趋于稳定至105.5，机械工业景气指数在全年各月均位于景气区间内。

 

总的来说

2024 年，机械工业发展机遇与挑战并存，但机遇大于挑战，有利条件强于不利因素。总体判断，预计机械行业经济运行将继续稳中向好的总体态势，主要经济指标增速有望超过5%，外贸将基本保持稳定。

2024 年是新中国成立 75 周年，是实施“十四五”规划的关键一年。稳步推进高端化、智能化、绿色化发展，持续推动机械工业稳定运行，以更加优异的成绩献上一份献给祖国75华诞的礼物。

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How is the drawing process of large forgings carried out?

Drawing length is a necessary process in the forging process of large forgings, and it is also the main process that affects the quality of large forgings. Through drawing length, the billet cross-sectional area is reduced, the length is increased, and it also plays the role of breaking coarse crystals, forging the internal porosity and holes, and refining the organization, so as to obtain homogeneous dense high-quality forgings.

At the same time of studying the drawing process of flat anvil, people gradually began to realize the importance of the stress and strain state inside the large forgings on the internal defects of forging, from the ordinary drawing length of the flat anvil, to the drawing length of the V-shaped anvil under the flat anvil and the drawing length of the V-shaped anvil above and below the flat anvil, and then to the later by changing the drawing anvil shape and process conditions. WHF forging method, KD forging method, FM forging method, JTS forging method, FML forging method, TER forging method, SUF forging method and new FM forging method are put forward. These methods have been applied to the production of large forgings and achieved good results.

WHF forging method is a wide flat anvil strong pressing forging method, its forging principle is to use the upper and lower wide flat anvil, and adopt large pressing rate, the large deformation of the heart during forging is conducive to eliminating the internal defects of the ingot, and is widely used in large hydraulic press forging.

KD forging method is developed on the basis of WHF forging method, the principle is the use of ingot in a long time of high temperature conditions have enough plasticity, can be in limited equipment, with wide anvil large compression rate forging, the use of upper and lower V-type wide anvil forging is conducive to the improvement of metal plasticity on the surface of the forging, increase the heart of the three-way compressive stress state, Then the ingot internal defects can be forged effectively.
FM forging method is to use the upper flat anvil, the asymmetric deformation of the lower platform forging, and the friction resistance of the lower platform to the forging deformation, so that the forging gradually deforms from top to bottom, so that the tensile stress is transferred to the contact surface between the blank and the platform, the hydrostatic stress in the center is increased, and the stress state in the deformation body is improved.
JTS forging method is to heat the ingot to high temperature before forging, and then make the surface cool quickly, the surface of the ingot and then form a layer of hard shell, the core is still in a high temperature state, this layer of hard shell plays a fixed role in the deformation of the billet, so that the deformation is mainly concentrated in the center of the forging, thereby increasing the compaction effect of the heart and improving the pass rate of the forging.

FML forging method is a forging method to reduce the load of the press on the basis of FM method. The width of the upper anvil is narrower than that of the billet, and the length direction is consistent with the axial direction of the billet. The following auxiliary tools are still large platforms, and the pressing amount and forging ratio in the process of reforging are relatively small. It is to reduce the load of the press on the premise of ensuring the effective forging of the internal holes and loose defects of the billet.

TER forging method uses wide flat anvil to draw length in one direction, and adopts the cross-anvil process to press and draw length several times, so that the maximum deformation of the blank is produced in one direction, and the internal cavity defects are effectively forged. When the forging method is used, the required pressure is small, and the forging forming cycle is short, so as to improve labor productivity, reduce production costs, and increase economic benefits.
SUF forging method is a forging method in which the height of the ingot is fully reduced during forging by controlling the width ratio of the anvil, and the section is finally forged into a rectangle. It is a forging method by flattening the ingot with a wide flat anvil, and then the width of the metal plastic flow range near the ingot axis is increased by using a wide flat anvil, which is more conducive to forging the defects in the billet core.
The new FM forging method is based on the relationship between the transverse stress of the heart of large forgings and the ratio of material to width. On the basis of the FM forging method, the control of the ratio of material to width is increased to reduce the transverse tensile stress of the careful part.

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BaumaCHINA 2024 Set to Shine in Shanghai

BaumaCHINA 2024, the Shanghai International Exhibition for Construction Machinery, Building Materials Machinery, Mining Machinery, and Construction Vehicles, is scheduled to take place from November 26 to 29, 2024, at the Shanghai New International Expo Centre. The theme for this year’s exhibition is “Chasing Light, Encountering a Brilliant Future,” with a total exhibition area of 330,000 square meters.

As of now, over 3,000 exhibitors have registered for the event, showcasing a diverse range of companies from more than 30 countries and regions, including China, Germany, the United States, Italy, Japan, and South Korea. Leading domestic companies such as XCMG, SANY, Zoomlion, Shandong Lingong, Longgong, Shantui, Dingli, and others will be present. International heavyweights like Caterpillar, Wirtgen, Manitou, BOMAG, and more will also participate, alongside significant national pavilions from Germany, Italy, and Turkey.

Motor shaft

Due to the overwhelming demand for exhibition space, the number of exhibitors has exceeded the available 330,000 square meters at the venue. As of September 2024, nearly 700 companies were still on the waiting list for exhibition space. The organizers are working diligently to coordinate and accommodate the desires of these companies to participate.

The event is expected to attract over 200,000 professional visitors from more than 150 countries and regions worldwide. The registration channel for attendees opened just three weeks ago and has already seen a significant influx of international interest, with registrations pouring in from Belt and Road countries and Southeast Asian regions, including Malaysia, Russia, India, the Philippines, Thailand, Turkey, Indonesia, and Singapore.

BaumaCHINA serves as a pivotal platform for the global construction machinery industry, helping Chinese enterprises showcase their capabilities to the world. The increasing international participation underscores the interdependence between China’s technological innovations and the global machinery market, reflecting a trend where the development of the global construction machinery industry increasingly relies on contributions from China.

In alignment with the dual carbon targets, the exhibition will feature new thematic zones focused on smart solutions and new energy technologies. These zones aim to address emerging trends in the industry, including digital transformation, intelligent construction, low-carbon practices, and electrification. This initiative highlights BaumaCHINA’s commitment to leading the industry toward digitalization and sustainable development.

On October 22, 2024, the Munich Expo Group signed a ten-year renewal agreement with the China Construction Machinery Industry Association, the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade Machinery Industry Branch, and China National Engineering Machinery Complete Co., Ltd. in Beijing. This collaboration marks a new chapter for innovation and growth in the construction machinery sector.

As the countdown to BaumaCHINA 2024 begins, the exhibition promises to be a significant event for industry stakeholders, showcasing the latest advancements and paving the way for future developments in the construction machinery field.

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